Carrion Rafael, Seigne John
Division of Urology, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33620, USA.
Cancer Control. 2002 Jul-Aug;9(4):284-92. doi: 10.1177/107327480200900403.
Despite advances in medical oncology, radiation therapy, and molecular and cell biology, the mainstay in the management of bladder cancer continues to be surgery.
The authors reviewed the literature regarding the endoscopic diagnosis and management of bladder cancer as well the role of partial and radical cystectomy.
Cystoscopy and transurethral resection are required to diagnose and stage bladder cancer. The indications for random bladder biopsies, prostatic urethral biopsy, and re-resection of the tumor bed are examined. The results and complications of endoscopic resection in the management of Ta, T1, and T2 or greater bladder cancer are reported. The roles of partial cystectomy, radical cystectomy, extent of lymphadenectomy, and indications for urethrectomy are also examined. The results and complications of radical cystectomy for the management of T2, T3, T4, and N+ bladder cancer are reported.
Surgery remains a critical element in the management of bladder cancer. Improvements in surgical technique, urinary reconstruction, and multimodal therapy continue to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with transitional cell cancer of the bladder.
尽管医学肿瘤学、放射治疗以及分子与细胞生物学取得了进展，但膀胱癌治疗的主要手段仍是手术。
作者回顾了关于膀胱癌内镜诊断与治疗以及部分膀胱切除术和根治性膀胱切除术作用的文献。
诊断和分期膀胱癌需要膀胱镜检查和经尿道切除术。研究了随机膀胱活检、前列腺尿道活检以及肿瘤床再次切除术的适应证。报告了内镜切除治疗Ta、T1以及T2期或更高分期膀胱癌的结果和并发症。还研究了部分膀胱切除术、根治性膀胱切除术、淋巴结清扫范围以及尿道切除术的适应证。报告了根治性膀胱切除术治疗T2、T3、T4和N+期膀胱癌的结果和并发症。
手术仍然是膀胱癌治疗的关键要素。手术技术、尿路重建和多模式治疗的改进持续改善膀胱移行细胞癌患者的预后和生活质量。
