Trewick S A, Morgan-Richards M, Russell S J, Henderson S, Rumsey F J, Pintér I, Barrett J A, Gibby M, Vogel J C
Cryptogamic Plants, Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Mol Ecol. 2002 Oct;11(10):2003-12. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01583.x.
Chloroplast DNA sequences were obtained from 331 Asplenium ceterach plants representing 143 populations from throughout the range of the complex in Europe, plus outlying sites in North Africa and the near East. We identified nine distinct haplotypes from a 900 bp fragment of trnL-trnF gene. Tetraploid populations were encountered throughout Europe and further afield, whereas diploid populations were scarcer and predominated in the Pannonian-Balkan region. Hexaploids were encountered only in southern Mediterranean populations. Four haplotypes were found among diploid populations of the Pannonian-Balkans indicating that this region formed a northern Pleistocene refugium. A separate polyploid complex centred on Greece, comprises diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid populations with two endemic haplotypes and suggests long-term persistence of populations in the southern Mediterranean. Three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes were common among tetraploids in Spain and Italy, with diversity reducing northwards suggesting expansion from the south after the Pleistocene. Our cpDNA and ploidy data indicate at least six independent origins of polyploids.
从331株铁角蕨植物中获取叶绿体DNA序列，这些植物代表了欧洲该复合体分布范围内的143个种群，以及北非和近东的外围地点。我们从trnL-trnF基因的900 bp片段中鉴定出9种不同的单倍型。四倍体种群在欧洲及更远的地区都有发现，而二倍体种群较少，主要分布在潘诺尼亚-巴尔干地区。六倍体仅在地中海南部种群中出现。在潘诺尼亚-巴尔干地区的二倍体种群中发现了四种单倍型，这表明该地区形成了一个更新世北部避难所。一个以希腊为中心的独立多倍体复合体，包括具有两种特有单倍型的二倍体、四倍体和六倍体种群，这表明地中海南部的种群长期存在。西班牙和意大利的四倍体中有三种叶绿体DNA（cpDNA）单倍型是常见的，随着向北多样性降低，这表明更新世后从南部扩张而来。我们的cpDNA和倍性数据表明多倍体至少有六个独立的起源。
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