Koyama Hiroshi, Kitoh Hideaki, Satoh Masahiko, Tohyama Chiharu
Gunma University School of Health Sciences, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2002 Sep;57(3):547-55. doi: 10.1265/jjh.57.547.
We reviewed studies on genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of cadmium (Cd). Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli exposed to Cd did not show mutagenicity, whereas cultured mammalian cells exposed to Cd showed mutation, DNA strand breaks, and chromosomal aberrations. Carcinogenicity tests showed that exposure to Cd increased the occurrence of tumors in testis, lung, prostate, hematopoietic tissues, and injection sites. On the other hand, recent epidemiologic studies are not supportive of earlier observations on the association between Cd and prostate cancer. The US NIOSH data on a possible association between Cd and lung cancer may need reevaluation. No studies which show a positive relationship between oral Cd exposure and carcinogenesis have been reported. All available data suggest that Cd should be reassigned to IARC Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) from the current Group 1.
我们回顾了有关镉（Cd）的遗传毒性和致癌性的研究。暴露于镉的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌未显示出致突变性，而暴露于镉的培养哺乳动物细胞则出现了突变、DNA链断裂和染色体畸变。致癌性试验表明，接触镉会增加睾丸、肺、前列腺、造血组织和注射部位肿瘤的发生率。另一方面，最近的流行病学研究并不支持早期关于镉与前列腺癌之间关联的观察结果。美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）关于镉与肺癌可能关联的数据可能需要重新评估。尚未有研究报告表明口服镉暴露与致癌作用之间存在正相关关系。所有现有数据表明，镉应从当前的第1组重新归类为国际癌症研究机构（IARC）的2A组（可能对人类致癌）。
