[Study on the trend of changes in fetal macrosomia in Yantai during the past 30 years].

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the changing trend of incidence and the relevant factors in fetal macrosomia.

METHODS

84 883 newborns during Jan. 1, 1970 to Dec. 31, 1999 were used to analyze the incidence of fetal macrosomia, the average birth weight, the percentage of superior fetal macrosomia, the distribution of gestational age, the rate of cesarean section and the vaginal delivery, the relevant factors of fetal macrosomia.

RESULTS

All the cases were divided into 3 groups, one group from 1970 to 1979, the second one from 1980 to 1989, the third one from 1990 to 1999. The incidence of fetal macrosomia for three groups were 2.6%, 6.9% and 13.2% (P < 0.01). The rate of cesarean section were 2.3%, 28.9%, 45.3% (P < 0.01). The percentage of superior fecal macrosomia were 9.4%, 11.2%, 16.2% (P < 0.01). The incidence of complications of vaginal delivery such as should dystocia, were 4.3%, 5.0%, 1.7%, respectively, wheres these complications were not found in cesarean section. The average birth weight of fetal macrosomia were (4 220 +/- 250) g, (4 223 +/- 146) g, (4 253 +/- 250) g in 3 groups. There were signifigant differences maternal height, weight, abdominal perimeter and GDM-mac.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of fetal macrosomia, the average birth weight, the percentage of superior fetal macrosomia and the rate of cesarean section gradually rose in Yantai in the past 30 years. The occurrence of fetal macrosomia may associate with many factors of pregnant women, such as weight, nutrition, diabetes, gestational age and fetal sex. Cesarean section is a relatively safer choice for macrosomia delivery.