Twenge Jean M, Nolen-Hoeksema Susan
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, California 92182-4611, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2002 Nov;111(4):578-88. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.111.4.578.
A within-scale meta-analysis was performed on 310 samples of children (ages 8-16; N = 61,424) responding to the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Girls' depression scores stayed steady from ages 8 to 11 and then increased between ages 12 and 16. Boys' CDI scores were stable from ages 8 to 16 except for a high CDI score at age 12. Girls' scores were slightly lower than boys' during childhood, but girls scored higher beginning at age 13. There were no socioeconomic status effects and no differences between White and Black samples. However, Hispanic samples scored significantly higher on the CDI. Analyses for birth cohort showed a slight decrease in boys' CDI scores over time and no change for girls. Longitudinal studies demonstrated a marked testing effect.
对310名（年龄在8至16岁；N = 61424）对儿童抑郁量表（CDI）做出回应的儿童样本进行了量表内荟萃分析。女孩的抑郁得分在8至11岁时保持稳定，然后在12至16岁之间上升。男孩的CDI得分在8至16岁时稳定，但在12岁时CDI得分较高。女孩的得分在童年时期略低于男孩，但从13岁开始女孩得分更高。不存在社会经济地位影响，白人和黑人样本之间也没有差异。然而，西班牙裔样本在CDI上的得分显著更高。对出生队列的分析显示，男孩的CDI得分随时间略有下降，女孩则没有变化。纵向研究显示出显著的测试效应。
