Struvite precipitation from anaerobically treated municipal and landfill wastewaters.

A two-stage treatment system including upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor pre-treatment combined with a chemical post treatment system such as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation was proposed as a comparable alternative to conventional biological treatment. In this study, anaerobically pre-treated domestic wastewater, domestic wastewater mixed with 2% and 3% of leachate by volume and raw leachate were further treated chemically with MAP precipitation. MAP precipitation was both applied at the stoichiometric ratio (Mg:NH4=PO4; 1:1:1) and above the stoichiometric ratio (1.1:1:1 and 1.1:1:1.1) on domestic wastewater + 3% leachate mixture. Maximum NH4-N removal of 68% was achieved at the pH of 9.2 at the stoichiometric ratio, whereas at the same pH value 70 to 72% NH4-N removal was obtained above the stoichiometric ratio. Additional ammonia recovery studies were conducted on Fenton's oxidation applied effluents before MAP precipitation and no significant additional ammonium removal was achieved. However, by the application of Fenton's oxidation high additional COD removals were obtained. Consequently, chemical treatment by MAP precipitation and/or Fenton's oxidation after anaerobic treatment yielded very effective removals for COD and NH4-N in domestic wastewaters + leachate mixtures.