Kjeldsberg Kristina M, Oh Karen, Murray Kathleen A, Cannon George
Department of Radiology, and the School of Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2002 Aug;23(4):288-301. doi: 10.1016/s0887-2171(02)90018-1.
Consolidation in the lung is seen on radiographs or computed tomography (CT) as increased areas of attenuation that obscure the underlying pulmonary vasculature. There are numerous causes of multifocal consolidative opacities. If the symptoms are acute (days to weeks), the most common causes include edema, pneumonia, and hemorrhage. Depending on the patient's history, signs, and symptoms, the less common causes such as radiation pneumonitis or acute eosinophilic syndrome may be considered. If the symptoms are more chronic (weeks to months), the differential may include alveolar proteinosis, neoplasms such as lymphoma or bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma, granulomatous or inflammatory conditions, and lipoid pneumonia. In this article, we review and discuss characteristic radiographic and clinical findings that can aid the radiologist in prioritizing the differential considerations when faced with multifocal parenchymal consolidative disease.
在胸部X光片或计算机断层扫描（CT）上，肺部实变表现为密度增加的区域，这些区域会模糊其下方的肺血管。多灶性实变影有多种病因。如果症状是急性的（数天至数周），最常见的病因包括肺水肿、肺炎和出血。根据患者的病史、体征和症状，也可能会考虑一些不太常见的病因，如放射性肺炎或急性嗜酸性粒细胞综合征。如果症状较为慢性（数周数月），鉴别诊断可能包括肺泡蛋白沉积症、淋巴瘤或细支气管肺泡癌等肿瘤、肉芽肿性或炎症性疾病以及脂质性肺炎。在本文中，我们回顾并讨论了一些典型的影像学和临床发现，这些发现有助于放射科医生在面对多灶性实质性实变疾病时，对鉴别诊断的考虑因素进行优先级排序。
