Bastian Meredith L, Sponberg Anne C, Sponberg Anne C, Suomi Stephen J, Higley J Dee
Laboratory of Clinical Studies-Primate Unit, DICBR, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Animal Center, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 2003 Jan;42(1):44-51. doi: 10.1002/dev.10091.
We examined the effects of early rearing experience on the development of dominance status in 53 juvenile (age 3) and then in 38 adult (ages 5-8) rhesus macaques. Based on previous research investigating the behavioral outcomes of nursery-rearing, we predicted that mother-reared (MR) monkeys would outrank peer-only reared (PR) monkeys, which would in turn outrank surrogate/peer-reared (SPR) subjects. Juvenile MR and PR subjects did not differ in ranks, but monkeys from both rearing backgrounds outranked SPR cage-mates at age 3. Independent of rearing condition, high-ranking juveniles gained the most weight between ages 1-3, suggesting that low status may be associated with decreases in early weight gain. Adult MR subjects outranked both PR and SPR subjects, with PR animals occupying intermediate ranks. These results indicate that impoverished early experiences, such as adult absence and limited social interaction, are useful predictors of future social success in rhesus macaques.
我们研究了早期饲养经历对53只幼年（3岁）恒河猴以及随后38只成年（5 - 8岁）恒河猴支配地位发展的影响。基于先前对幼猴饲养行为结果的研究，我们预测由母亲抚养长大（MR）的猴子等级会高于仅由同伴抚养（PR）的猴子，而后者等级又会高于由代孕/同伴抚养（SPR）的猴子。幼年MR组和PR组猴子在等级上没有差异，但来自这两种饲养背景的猴子在3岁时等级都高于SPR同笼伙伴。与饲养条件无关，高等级幼年猴子在1 - 3岁间体重增加最多，这表明低等级可能与早期体重增加减少有关。成年MR组猴子等级高于PR组和SPR组，PR组动物处于中间等级。这些结果表明，诸如成年猴缺失和社交互动有限等匮乏的早期经历，是恒河猴未来社交成功的有效预测指标。
