Osur Scott L
Albany Medical College. Albany, New York, USA.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002 Dec;89(6):553-60. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62101-1.
Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) commonly precede asthma exacerbations in both children and adults. Likewise, VRIs may affect the paranasal sinuses, predisposing infected individuals to the development of subsequent acute bacterial sinusitis. This article discusses the role that viruses play in both the development of asthma and in acute asthma exacerbations. Mechanisms by which viral infections provoke asthma exacerbations are reviewed, and treatment of such episodes is discussed. The pathogenesis of sinusitis and association with VRIs is reviewed along with treatment recommendations.
Relevant articles in the medical literature were reviewed with sources including randomized, controlled clinical trials, review articles, epidemiologic studies, and standard textbooks in allergy and immunology.
This review highlights the prominent role that viral pathogens (especially rhinovirus) play in exacerbation of asthma and in the development of sinus disease. The specific mechanisms whereby viral infection leads to an acute asthma exacerbation or to subsequent bacterial sinusitis are described. Treatment options are outlined including the potential future application of antiviral compounds.
病毒引起的呼吸道感染（VRIs）在儿童和成人中通常先于哮喘发作。同样，VRIs可能影响鼻窦，使受感染个体易患随后的急性细菌性鼻窦炎。本文讨论病毒在哮喘发展和急性哮喘发作中所起的作用。回顾病毒感染引发哮喘发作的机制，并讨论此类发作的治疗方法。同时回顾鼻窦炎的发病机制及其与VRIs的关联，并给出治疗建议。
查阅了医学文献中的相关文章，来源包括随机对照临床试验、综述文章、流行病学研究以及过敏和免疫学方面的标准教科书。
本综述强调了病毒病原体（尤其是鼻病毒）在哮喘加重和鼻窦疾病发展中所起的重要作用。描述了病毒感染导致急性哮喘发作或随后细菌性鼻窦炎的具体机制。概述了治疗选择，包括抗病毒化合物未来可能的应用。
