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两种硬骨鱼黑视蛋白基因的分离、特性分析及其在视网膜内层和脑内的差异表达

Isolation and characterization of two teleost melanopsin genes and their differential expression within the inner retina and brain.

作者信息

Drivenes Øyvind, Søviknes Anne Mette, Ebbesson Lars O E, Fjose Anders, Seo Hee-Chan, Helvik Jon Vidar

机构信息

Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.

出版信息

J Comp Neurol. 2003 Jan 27;456(1):84-93. doi: 10.1002/cne.10523.

Abstract

Melanopsin is a newly discovered photopigment that is believed to be involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms in tetrapods. Here we describe the characterization of the first two teleost melanopsins (opn4a and opn4b) isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). These two teleost genes belong to a subgroup of melanopsins that also include members from Xenopus, chicken, and Takifugu. In situ hybridization revealed that opn4a and opn4b are differentially expressed within the retina and brain. In the larval and adult retina, both melanopsins are expressed in a subset of cells in the inner retina, resembling amacrine and ganglion cells. In addition, opn4a is expressed in the horizontal cells, indicating a separate task for this gene. In the brain, the two melanopsins are separately expressed in two major retinal and extraretinal photosensitive integration centers, namely, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (opn4a) and the habenula (opn4b). The expression of opn4a in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in cod is similar to the melanopsin expression found in Xenopus. This suggests a conserved role for this opsin and an involvement in mediation of nonvisual photoreceptive tasks, such as entraining circadian rhythms and/or hypophysiotrophic systems. The differential expression of opn4b in the habenula suggests that this gene plays a role similar to that of opn4a, in that it is also situated in an area that integrates photic inputs from the pineal as well as other brain regions. Thus, the habenula may be an additional region that mediates photic cues in teleosts.

摘要

黑视蛋白是一种新发现的光色素,被认为参与四足动物昼夜节律的调节。在此,我们描述了从大西洋鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)中分离出的头两个硬骨鱼黑视蛋白(opn4a和opn4b)的特性。这两个硬骨鱼基因属于黑视蛋白亚组,该亚组还包括来自非洲爪蟾、鸡和河豚的成员。原位杂交显示,opn4a和opn4b在视网膜和大脑中的表达存在差异。在幼体和成体视网膜中,两种黑视蛋白均在内层视网膜的一部分细胞中表达,类似于无长突细胞和神经节细胞。此外,opn4a在水平细胞中表达,表明该基因具有独特的功能。在大脑中,这两种黑视蛋白分别在两个主要的视网膜和视网膜外光敏整合中心表达,即视交叉上核(opn4a)和缰核(opn4b)。鳕鱼视交叉上核中opn4a的表达与非洲爪蟾中发现的黑视蛋白表达相似。这表明该视蛋白具有保守的作用,并参与非视觉光感受任务的介导,如调节昼夜节律和/或垂体营养系统。opn4b在缰核中的差异表达表明,该基因发挥着与opn4a类似的作用,因为它也位于一个整合来自松果体以及其他脑区光信号输入的区域。因此,缰核可能是硬骨鱼中介导光信号的另一个区域。

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