Rowe Christopher L
Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2003 Feb;54(2):229-39. doi: 10.1016/s0147-6513(02)00055-6.
Hatchling Cyprinodon variegatus were raised in the presence or absence of sediments contaminated with mixed trace elements to examine lethal and sublethal bioenergetic effects (metabolic rate, lipid storage, growth, reproduction) over a full life cycle (>1 year). Contaminated sediments were derived from a site receiving coal combustion residues (CCR) and were elevated in numerous trace elements including Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Se, and V. Exposures were conducted at two levels of salinity (5 and 36 ppt) to examine the potential interaction of this variable with contaminants. Salinity had no effect on responses measured. Over the course of the study, fish exposed to contaminated sediment accumulated several CCR-related trace elements, including As, Cd, Se, and V. There were no differences in fish survival for contaminated sediment treatments and uncontaminated sediment treatments, nor were there differences in metabolic expenditures. However, growth, male condition factor, and storage lipid content in females were reduced due to contaminant exposure. No significant effects on fecundity or the proportion of females that were gravid at the end of the study were observed, yet females raised under control conditions produced 12% larger eggs than did females raised on contaminated sediments. During the presumably most-sensitive early life stages, individuals were not noticeably affected by contaminants, but rather the effects of exposure became apparent later in life. Because many species inhabit contaminated areas for long periods of time, often encompassing the entire life cycle, exposures focused only on specific life stages may substantially underestimate the overall responses elicited by individuals.
将孵化出的杂色食蚊鱼幼鱼饲养在有或没有被混合微量元素污染的沉积物环境中，以研究其在整个生命周期（超过1年）中的致死和亚致死生物能量学效应（代谢率、脂质储存、生长、繁殖）。受污染的沉积物来自一个接收煤燃烧残渣（CCR）的地点，其中多种微量元素含量升高，包括铝、砷、钡、镉、铜、硒和钒。实验在两种盐度水平（5和36 ppt）下进行，以研究该变量与污染物之间的潜在相互作用。盐度对所测反应没有影响。在研究过程中，暴露于受污染沉积物中的鱼类积累了几种与CCR相关的微量元素，包括砷、镉、硒和钒。受污染沉积物处理组和未受污染沉积物处理组的鱼类存活率没有差异，代谢消耗也没有差异。然而，由于接触污染物，生长、雄性状况因子以及雌性的储存脂质含量降低。在研究结束时，未观察到对繁殖力或怀卵雌鱼比例有显著影响，但在对照条件下饲养的雌鱼所产的卵比在受污染沉积物中饲养的雌鱼所产的卵大12%。在可能最敏感的早期生命阶段，个体并未受到污染物的明显影响，但其接触污染物的影响在生命后期变得明显。由于许多物种长时间栖息在受污染区域，通常涵盖整个生命周期，仅关注特定生命阶段的暴露可能会大幅低估个体引发的总体反应。
