Nishida Shin'ya, Motoyoshi Isamu, Andersen Richard A, Shimojo Shinsuke
Human and Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
Vision Res. 2003 Mar;43(6):639-49. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00007-5.
Physiological studies of non-human primates have suggested that the direction of gaze can modulate the gain of neuronal responses to visual stimuli in many cortical areas including V1. The neural gaze modulation is suggested to subserve the conversion from gaze-independent (eye-centered) to dependent (e.g., head-centered) representations. However, it has not been established whether the gaze modulation has significant influences on human visual perception. Here we show that gaze direction modestly but significantly modulates the magnitudes of the motion aftereffect, the tilt aftereffect and the size aftereffect. These aftereffects were stronger when the adaptation and test patterns were presented in the same gaze direction, than when they were presented in different gaze directions, even though the patterns always stimulated the same retinal location. The gaze modulation effect was not statistically significant for the post-adaptation elevation of contrast detection thresholds. The gaze modulation of visual aftereffects provides a useful psychophysical tool to analyze human cortical processes for coordinate transformations of visual space.
对非人类灵长类动物的生理学研究表明，注视方向可以调节包括初级视觉皮层（V1）在内的许多皮层区域中神经元对视觉刺激的反应增益。神经注视调节被认为有助于从注视无关（以眼睛为中心）的表征转换为注视相关（例如，以头部为中心）的表征。然而，注视调节是否对人类视觉感知有显著影响尚未得到证实。在这里，我们表明注视方向适度但显著地调节了运动后效、倾斜后效和大小后效的幅度。当适应和测试图案以相同的注视方向呈现时，这些后效比以不同注视方向呈现时更强，尽管图案总是刺激相同的视网膜位置。对于适应后对比度检测阈值的升高，注视调节效应没有统计学意义。视觉后效的注视调节为分析人类皮层进行视觉空间坐标转换的过程提供了一种有用的心理物理学工具。
