Tracheomalacia in association with congenital tracheoesophageal fistula.

Tracheomalacia is an important cause of morbidity and death following correction of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula and is a well defined syndrome which requires recognition and appropriate treatment. The symptoms and signs allow division into mild, moderate, and severe groups. When the clinical features suggest the presence of tracheomalacia, endoscopy should be carried out in order to confirm the diagnosis and document the severity. Mild and moderate cases can be managed conservatively; efficient and regular physiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. Severe cases warrant consideration for the operation of tracheopexy which may be lifesaving and will certainly reduce the period of hospitalization and will simplify management.