Wadensten Barbro, Carlsson Marianne
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
J Adv Nurs. 2003 Apr;42(2):118-24. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02594.x.
An important purpose of theories is to challenge practice, create new approaches to practice and remodel the structures of rules and principles. Therefore, it is of interest to study whether it is possible to make use of nursing theories in care of older people, when the aim is to support them in the process of ageing.
To review 17 well-known nursing theories/models in order to delineate the views on ageing presented and discover whether there are descriptions of how nursing care of older people could be organized.
Seventeen nursing theories/models originating over a 30-year period from the early 1960s to the early 1990s were chosen. A search of CINAHL was done and lists of reference from books were used to find original sources. For the review, a list of research questions were formulated and addressed to each theory.
Results showed that most nursing theorists see human ageing from a developmental perspective, but do not discuss what ageing implies. In only a few theories are some important aspects of nursing care of older people discussed, but no concrete instructions are given on how to apply these to nursing care.
There is a need to develop a nursing care model that - more than other contemporary theories - takes into consideration human ageing.
理论的一个重要目的是挑战实践、创造新的实践方法并重塑规则和原则的结构。因此，当目标是在老年人的衰老过程中给予支持时，研究是否有可能在老年人护理中运用护理理论就变得很有意义。
回顾17种著名的护理理论/模型，以阐述所呈现的衰老观点，并发现是否有关于如何组织老年人护理工作的描述。
选取了从20世纪60年代初到90年代初30年间产生的17种护理理论/模型。检索了CINAHL，并利用书籍参考文献列表查找原始资料。为进行综述制定了一份研究问题清单，并针对每种理论进行探讨。
结果显示，大多数护理理论家从发展角度看待人类衰老，但未讨论衰老意味着什么。只有少数几种理论探讨了老年人护理的一些重要方面，但未给出如何将这些应用于护理实践的具体指导。
有必要开发一种比其他当代理论更能考虑到人类衰老的护理模式。
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