Zapata P, Zuazo A, Llados F
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1976 Jan;219(1):128-39.
Intravenous and intracarotid injections of nicotine were delivered to cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Low doses of nicotine were found to induce reflex hyperventilation and hypertension, mainly due to excitation of carotid body chemoreceptors. The frequency of discharge of carotid nerve chemosensory fibres was increased by nicotine in doses as low as 1 mug/kg when injected intravenously and 50 ng when injected into the carotid artery. Nicotine also activates vagal afferent fibres; some of them produce reflex excitation of the respiratory and vasomotor centres, but others provoke reflex inhibition. High doses of nicotine can act directly upon the medulla provoking acceleration or arrest of ventilation. Nicotine can also induce 'late' changes of b.p. (delay 5 sec or more) which are not mediated by the carotid or vagus nerves.
将尼古丁静脉注射和颈动脉注射到用戊巴比妥麻醉的猫体内。发现低剂量的尼古丁会诱发反射性过度通气和高血压，主要是由于颈动脉体化学感受器受到刺激。静脉注射低至1微克/千克、颈动脉注射低至50纳克的尼古丁时，颈动脉神经化学感觉纤维的放电频率就会增加。尼古丁还会激活迷走神经传入纤维；其中一些会引起呼吸和血管运动中枢的反射性兴奋，但另一些则会引发反射性抑制。高剂量的尼古丁可直接作用于延髓，导致通气加速或停止。尼古丁还可诱发血压的“晚期”变化（延迟5秒或更长时间），这种变化不是由颈动脉或迷走神经介导的。
