Bi Xinhui, Sheng Guoying, Peng Peng an, Zhang Zhiqiang, Fu Jiamo
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2002 Dec 2;300(1-3):213-28. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00272-3.
PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 microm) samples were collected at LiWan District of Guangzhou, PR China during April and July 2001 using a high volume air sampler to determine the distributions of homologous compounds and biomarkers. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including non-alkylated PAHs, methyl-alkylated PAHs, and some PAHs containing S/O atoms and n-alkanes were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The sigma(n)-alkane and sigmaPAHs ranged from 26.4 to 719.2 ng/m3 and 7.4 to 159.4 ng/m3, respectively. A seasonal fluctuation was clearly evident with higher concentrations occurring during the colder months (April). In addition, some compositional differences are observed for the organic compounds in samples collected from different heights above ground level. Higher sites had a significant contribution from vascular plant wax. The presence of petroleum products with no carbon number preference, pristane, phytane and a significant unresolved complex mixture (UCM) with unresolved to resolved components ratio (U/R) of 6.2-13.2 confirm the petroleum component. The relative distribution of n-alkanes and the values of molecular diagnostic ratio, such as carbon preference index (CPI) values ranging from 1.0 to 1.4 (for the whole range of n-alkanes), indicated the importance of petroleum and diesel residues and gasoline emissions, as well as the minor contribution of n-alkanes emitted directly from epicuticular waxes. Indeed, the percent contribution of leaf 'wax' n-alkanes (5.2-19.4%) indicated a low contribution of biogenic sources. The fossil fuel biomarkers, hopanes and steranes were observed in the PM10 samples, which indicate a petroleum origin. The distribution pattern of PAHs was characteristic of anthropogenic emissions. Coupling carbon number maximum (Cmax), CPI, U/R values, molecular marker and molecular diagnostic ratios for alkanes and PAHs revealed a classification of natural biogenic and anthropogenic components of atmospheric aerosols. These analyses support the conclusion that vehicular emission was the major source of organic compounds during the study period, while the contribution of epicuticular waxes emitted by terrestrial plants was minor.
2001年4月至7月期间，在中国广州荔湾区，使用大容量空气采样器采集了PM10（空气动力学直径小于10微米的颗粒物）样本，以确定同源化合物和生物标志物的分布情况。采用气相色谱/质谱分析法测定了多环芳烃（PAHs），包括非烷基化多环芳烃、甲基烷基化多环芳烃以及一些含硫/氧原子的多环芳烃和正构烷烃。∑正构烷烃和∑多环芳烃的浓度范围分别为26.4至719.2纳克/立方米和7.4至159.4纳克/立方米。明显存在季节性波动，在较冷的月份（4月）浓度较高。此外，从地面以上不同高度采集的样本中的有机化合物存在一些成分差异。较高位置的样本中维管植物蜡的贡献显著。无碳数偏好的石油产品、姥鲛烷、植烷以及未解析与已解析成分之比（U/R）为6.2 - 13.2的显著未解析复杂混合物（UCM）的存在证实了石油成分。正构烷烃的相对分布以及分子诊断比值，如碳偏好指数（CPI）值在1.0至1.4之间（针对整个正构烷烃范围），表明了石油和柴油残留物以及汽油排放的重要性，以及表皮蜡直接排放的正构烷烃的较小贡献。实际上，叶片“蜡质”正构烷烃的贡献百分比（5.2 - 19.4%）表明生物源的贡献较低。在PM10样本中观察到了化石燃料生物标志物藿烷和甾烷，这表明其源自石油。多环芳烃的分布模式具有人为排放的特征。结合正构烷烃和多环芳烃的碳数最大值（Cmax）、CPI、U/R值、分子标志物和分子诊断比值，揭示了大气气溶胶中天然生物源和人为源成分的分类。这些分析支持了以下结论：在研究期间，车辆排放是有机化合物的主要来源，而陆地植物表皮蜡排放的贡献较小。
