Achieving glycemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes: approaches, pitfalls and new technologies.

Advances in technologies for insulin administrations, glucose monitoring, development of an artificial pancreas and cell-based therapy will ultimately have a profound effect on the lives of people wit diabetes. There is both current success and substantial promise, indicating that these approches may offer, for the first time, real potential for achieving euglycemia without hypoglycemia. Given the physiological and psychosocial impact of type 1 diabetes in young children, this group of patients and their parents stand to gain especially great benefit from these developments. However, the potential for improvements in the mangement of diabetes in young children based on available technologies should not be overlooked and should be effectively utilized as the standard for patient care. Only twenty years ago blood glucose reagent strips were first coming into routine use. Current meters have greatly reduced the amount of blood required ( now less than 1 microliter for many meters) and greatly imporved precision. The advent modified, recombinant insulins, which became available only in the last several years, allows for an insulin regimen to better match the absorption of dietary carbohydrate. All technologies have improved our ability to attain glycemic control, thereby reducing the risk of long-term complication in even our youngest patients.