Clinical trials face heightened scrutiny as science and commerce appear to merge.

Clinical trials involving human subjects face increased scrutiny and regulation by the federal government that may lead to costly changes to the process. Prompted by a highly publicized death in a gene therapy trial, federal regulators are examining almost all aspects of clinical trial conduct, from how patients are recruited and how they give informed consent, to the relationship between the researchers and the company sponsoring the research. In addition to the heightened regulation, the government has announced that it will seek the power to impose civil money penalties on researchers who do not observe applicable patient protection regulations. In an effort to include more senior citizens in clinical trials, the government for the first time will cover certain costs of Medicare beneficiaries who participate in clinical trials. The risk of increased government involvement includes criminal prosecution of physicians for failing to follow the rules, as an innovative case in California demonstrates.