Expression of genes for certain enzymes of pyrimidine and purine salvage pathway in peripheral blood leukocytes collected from patients with Graves' or Hashimoto's disease.

Increased activities of some enzymes, which participate in pyrimidine and purine salvage pathway, were found in blood fractions of patients suffering from different autoimmunological diseases, thyroid diseases included. The aim of the study was to estimate the expression of genes, specific for deoxycytidine kinase (dCK, EC 3.7.1.74), thymidine kinase 1 (TK1; EC 2.7.1.21), and adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC 3.5.4.4) in blood leukocytes, collected from patients with autoimmunological thyroid diseases (AITD), i.e., Graves' or Hashimoto's disease. The total mRNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes and, afterwards, submitted to reverse transcription (RT), with the following amplification of genes encoding for particular examined enzymes and beta-actin, as a supervisory gene [RT-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)]; ADA gene was amplified with the use of three different primer pairs (ADA3, ADA4, and ADA5). PCR products were electrophoresed in 8% polyacrylamide gel and then, submitted to densitometric analysis. The levels of expression of all the examined genes in leukocytes from patients with either Graves' or Hashimoto's disease were significantly increased when compared to those in controls; above a twofold elevation of expression of TK1, ADA4, and ADA5 genes was observed. In conclusion, the changes of activities of salvage enzymes in patients with AITD occur likely at transcription level; the measurement of gene expression for purine and pyrimidyne salvage enzymes may likely help explain the mechanism of autoimmune diseases, being also significant in the diagnostics and/or monitoring of AITD.