Huszno B, Hubalewska-Hoła A, Bałdys-Waligórska A, Sowa-Staszczak A, Szybiński Z
Department of Endocrinology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26(2 Suppl):7-10.
Iodine prophylaxis was introduced in Poland in 1935. It was interrupted twice, the first time between 1939 and 1947 (due to the Second World War and its aftermath), and then between 1980 and 1986, due to the economical crisis in Poland at that time. A voluntary model of iodine prophylaxis (20 +/- 10 mg/kg of household salt) introduced in Poland in 1986, was followed by a mandatory model, implemented at the beginning of 1997, with 30 +/- 10 mg/kg of household salt. In the early sixties, in our Department of Endocrinology 24-hour iodine uptake test was introduced as a routine procedure for evaluating the thyroid gland. The reference value of this test increased in 1986 after discontinuation of iodine prophylaxis, and decreased in 1998, two years after re-implementation of the mandatory model of iodine prophylaxis. In 167 patients (147 with endemic goiter and 20 with no thyroid disturbances) examined between 1998 and 2000 the mean value of 24-hour iodine uptake was 27.3 +/- 10.4%, as compared to the mean value of 45,7 +/- 6.6 % in 1986. In patients with thyrotoxicosis the mean value of iodine uptake was 41.9% +/- 16.2 in 1999 (no.=614), 42.4% +/- 16.9 in 2000 (no.=644) and 37,7% +/- 17.2 at the beginning of 2001 (no.=328). The mean value of iodine uptake in patients with thyrotoxicosis before implementation of iodine prophylaxis was over 60%. The 24-hour thyroid radioiodine uptake test proved to be a useful indicator of changes of iodine intake in a iodine-deficient population. The data presented in this study confirm the importance and efficacy of the iodine prophylaxis introduced in Poland.
碘预防措施于1935年在波兰推行。它曾中断过两次，第一次是在1939年至1947年期间（由于第二次世界大战及其后果），第二次是在1980年至1986年期间，原因是当时波兰的经济危机。1986年在波兰推行了自愿性碘预防模式（家庭食盐中碘含量为20±10毫克/千克），随后在1997年初实施了强制性模式，家庭食盐中碘含量为30±10毫克/千克。在60年代初，我们内分泌科将24小时碘摄取试验作为评估甲状腺的常规程序引入。在1986年碘预防措施中断后，该试验的参考值升高，而在强制性碘预防模式重新实施两年后的1998年，参考值下降。在1998年至2000年期间检查的167例患者（147例患有地方性甲状腺肿，20例无甲状腺疾病）中，24小时碘摄取的平均值为27.3±10.4%，而1986年的平均值为45.7±6.6%。1999年甲状腺毒症患者的碘摄取平均值为41.9%±16.2（n=614），2000年为42.4%±16.9（n=644），2001年初为37.7%±17.2（n=328）。在碘预防措施实施前，甲状腺毒症患者的碘摄取平均值超过60%。24小时甲状腺放射性碘摄取试验被证明是缺碘人群碘摄入量变化的有用指标。本研究中呈现的数据证实了波兰推行碘预防措施的重要性和有效性。
