精神病中的性别差异：正常还是病态？
Sex differences in psychosis: normal or pathological?
作者信息
Spauwen Janneke, Krabbendam Lydia, Lieb Roselind, Wittchen Hans Ulrich, van Os Jim
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Schizophr Res. 2003 Jul 1;62(1-2):45-9. doi: 10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00063-x.
BACKGROUND
Schizophrenia first appears in adolescence, in boys at an earlier age than girls. The interpretation of this key epidemiological finding crucially depends on whether similar age-related sex differences exist in the expression of associated, subclinical psychosis-like experiences.
METHODS
Findings are based on a population sample of 2548 adolescents and young adults aged 17-28. Subjects were assessed with the core psychosis sections on delusions and hallucinations of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
RESULTS
The risk of subclinical psychotic experiences was significantly higher for males in the younger half of the cohort (17-21 years), but similar in the older half (22-28 years).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that normal maturational changes in adolescence with differential age of onset in boys and girls cause the expression of psychosis, the extreme of which is schizophrenia.
背景
精神分裂症首次出现在青春期，男孩发病年龄早于女孩。这一关键流行病学发现的解读很大程度上取决于相关的亚临床精神病性体验的表达是否存在类似的年龄相关性别差异。
方法
研究结果基于2548名年龄在17至28岁之间的青少年和青年的人群样本。受试者接受了慕尼黑综合国际诊断访谈中关于妄想和幻觉的核心精神病学部分的评估。
结果
在队列中年龄较小的一半（17 - 21岁）男性中，亚临床精神病性体验的风险显著更高，但在年龄较大的一半（22 - 28岁）中，风险相似。
结论
这些发现表明，青春期正常的成熟变化以及男孩和女孩不同的发病年龄导致了精神病性症状的表达，其中最极端的就是精神分裂症。
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