Electrophysiological and morphological characterization of the medulla bilateral neurons that connect bilateral optic lobes in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus.

The medulla bilateral neurons (MBNs) in the cricket brain directly connect two optic lobes and have been suggested to be involved in mutual coupling between the bilateral optic lobe circadian pacemakers. Single unit analysis with intracellular recording and staining with Lucifer Yellow was carried out to reveal morphology and physiology of the MBNs. Neurons having a receptive field in the rostral part of the compound eye showed greater response and a higher sensitivity to light than those having receptive fields in the ventro-caudal or dorsal portions. The MBN showed diurnal change in their responsiveness to light; the light-induced response in the night was about 1.3, 5 and 2 times of that in the day in MBN-1s, -3s and -4s, respectively. These results suggest that the MBNs mainly encode the temporal information by the magnitude of light-induced responses. The differences in magnitude of light-induced responses and of daily change in photo-responsiveness among MBNs may suggest that each group of MBNs plays different functional role in visual and/or circadian systems.