Successful second allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion in patients with relapsed acute leukemia using the same donors as for the initial allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We report the successful treatment of two acute lympho- blastic leukemia (ALL) patients who relapsed following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) with allogeneic peripheral blood sem cell transplantation(allo-PBSCT) and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) from the same HLA-identical related donors as those used for the first allo-BMT. The patients relapsed on days 154 and 351 from the initial allo-BMT, respectively. Since conventional reinduction chemotherapy failed, allo-PBSCT was undertaken while the patients were still myelosuppressed immediately after reinduction chemotherapy. To induce and/or enhance GVL effects following allo-PBSCT, we performed rapid tapering of CsA and added DLI. After allo-PBSCT and DLI, the patients maintained their complete remission at 55 and 48 months post allo-PBSCT, respectively. From these findings, allo-PBSCT and DLI may be a useful treatment strategy for acute leukemia relapsing after allo-BMT.