免疫系统及其他领域中的触发受体表达分子（TREM）

TREMs in the immune system and beyond.

作者信息

Colonna Marco

机构信息

Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

出版信息

Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Jun;3(6):445-53. doi: 10.1038/nri1106.

DOI:10.1038/nri1106

PMID:12776204

Abstract

Triggering receptors expressed by myeloid cells (TREMs) belong to a rapidly expanding family of receptors that include activating and inhibitory isoforms encoded by a gene cluster linked to the MHC. TREM1 and TREM2 activate myeloid cells by signalling through the adaptor protein DAP12. TREM1 triggers phagocyte secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, amplifying the inflammation that is induced by bacteria and fungi. TREM2 activates monocyte-derived dendritic cells and regulates osteoclast development. Remarkably, TREM2 deficiency leads to a severe disease that is characterized by bone cysts and demyelination of the central nervous system, which results in dementia, implying that the function of TREM2 extends beyond the immune system.

摘要

髓系细胞表达的触发受体（TREMs）属于一个迅速扩展的受体家族，其中包括由与MHC相关的基因簇编码的激活型和抑制型异构体。TREM1和TREM2通过接头蛋白DAP12发出信号来激活髓系细胞。TREM1触发吞噬细胞分泌促炎趋化因子和细胞因子，放大由细菌和真菌诱导的炎症。TREM2激活单核细胞衍生的树突状细胞并调节破骨细胞发育。值得注意的是，TREM2缺陷会导致一种严重疾病，其特征为骨囊肿和中枢神经系统脱髓鞘，进而导致痴呆，这意味着TREM2的功能超出了免疫系统。