White Richard H
University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Circulation. 2003 Jun 17;107(23 Suppl 1):I4-8. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs for the first time in approximately 100 persons per 100,000 each year in the United States, and rises exponentially from <5 cases per 100,000 persons <15 years old to approximately 500 cases (0.5%) per 100,000 persons at age 80 years. Approximately one third of patients with symptomatic VTE manifest pulmonary embolism (PE), whereas two thirds manifest deep vein thrombosis (DVT) alone. Despite anticoagulant therapy, VTE recurs frequently in the first few months after the initial event, with a recurrence rate of approximately 7% at 6 months. Death occurs in approximately 6% of DVT cases and 12% of PE cases within 1 month of diagnosis. The time of year may affect the occurrence of VTE, with a higher incidence in the winter than in the summer. One major risk factor for VTE is ethnicity, with a significantly higher incidence among Caucasians and African Americans than among Hispanic persons and Asian-Pacific Islanders. Overall, approximately 25% to 50% of patient with first-time VTE have an idiopathic condition, without a readily identifiable risk factor. Early mortality after VTE is strongly associated with presentation as PE, advanced age, cancer, and underlying cardiovascular disease.
在美国，静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的年发病率约为每10万人中有100人首次发病，并且从15岁以下每10万人中不足5例呈指数级上升至80岁时每10万人中约500例（0.5%）。有症状的VTE患者中，约三分之一表现为肺栓塞（PE），而三分之二则仅表现为深静脉血栓形成（DVT）。尽管进行了抗凝治疗，但VTE在初次发病后的最初几个月内仍频繁复发，6个月时的复发率约为7%。在诊断后的1个月内，约6%的DVT病例和12%的PE病例会死亡。一年中的时间可能会影响VTE的发生，冬季发病率高于夏季。VTE的一个主要危险因素是种族，白种人和非裔美国人的发病率明显高于西班牙裔和亚太岛民。总体而言，约25%至50%的首次发生VTE的患者患有特发性疾病，没有容易识别的危险因素。VTE后的早期死亡率与PE表现、高龄、癌症和潜在心血管疾病密切相关。
