Troisi A
Department of Neurosciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26(3 Suppl):54-7.
The thesis of this article is that a Darwinian perspective can provide medical sexology with a new theoretical framework which is useful to clarify the relationship between the evolutionary bases of human sexuality and the sex-specific vulnerability to different sexual disorders. Evolutionary theory predicts that the relative parental investment of the sexes in their offspring is associated with different mating strategies in males and females. Individuals of the sex that invests more in offspring should be more discriminative in their sexual interactions because the costs of making a poor mate choice are greater for the highest-investing sex. Because in Homo sapiens, as in many other mammal species, the higher-investing sex is the female sex, women are more discriminative in their sexual preferences and less promiscuous than men. Accordingly, the epidemiology of sexual disorders can be expected to reflect sex differences in evolved mating strategies and sexual psychology. Sexual disorders that represent extreme variants of a mating strategy involving greater voluntary control over mate choice, accurate assessment of the quality of potential mates, and a tendency toward sexual restraint should be more prevalent among women. In contrast, sexual disorders that represent extreme variants of a mating strategy involving responsiveness to a variety of sexual stimuli and a tendency toward promiscuity should occur more frequently among men. Clinical data support these predictions.
本文的论点是，达尔文主义的视角能够为医学性学提供一个新的理论框架，这一框架有助于阐明人类性行为的进化基础与不同性传播疾病的性别易感性之间的关系。进化理论预测，两性在后代身上的相对亲代投资与男性和女性不同的交配策略相关。对后代投资更多的性别个体在其性互动中应该更具辨别力，因为对于投资最高的性别来说，做出糟糕的配偶选择成本更高。由于在智人以及许多其他哺乳动物物种中，投资更高的性别是雌性，所以女性在性偏好上比男性更具辨别力，也更不滥交。因此，可以预期性传播疾病的流行病学能反映出进化交配策略和性心理方面的性别差异。那些代表交配策略极端变体的性传播疾病，若涉及对配偶选择有更强的自主控制、对潜在配偶质量的准确评估以及性抑制倾向，在女性中应该更为普遍。相反，那些代表交配策略极端变体的性传播疾病，若涉及对各种性刺激的反应以及滥交倾向，则在男性中出现得更为频繁。临床数据支持了这些预测。
