Lehmann Alan R
Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK.
Cell Cycle. 2003 Jul-Aug;2(4):300-2.
DNA damage is generated continually inside cells. In order to be able to replicate past damaged bases (translesion synthesis), the cell employs a series of specialised DNA polymerases, which singly or in combination, are able to bypass many different types of damage. The polymerases have similar structural domains to classical polymerases, but they have a more open structure to allow altered bases to fit into their active sites. Although not required for replication of undamaged DNA, some at least of these polymerases are located in replication factories. Emerging evidence suggests that the polymerase switch from replicative to translesion polymerases might be mediated by post-translational modifications.
细胞内会持续产生DNA损伤。为了能够越过受损碱基进行复制（跨损伤合成），细胞会利用一系列特殊的DNA聚合酶，这些聚合酶单独或组合使用时，能够绕过许多不同类型的损伤。这些聚合酶具有与经典聚合酶相似的结构域，但它们具有更开放的结构，以使改变的碱基能够适配到其活性位点中。尽管这些聚合酶中至少有一些对于未受损DNA的复制并非必需，但它们中的一些位于复制工厂中。新出现的证据表明，从复制性聚合酶到跨损伤聚合酶的转换可能是由翻译后修饰介导的。
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