Chotro M Gabriela, Arias Carlos
Universidad del País Vasco, Avda de Tolosa, 70, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
Alcohol. 2003 May;30(1):19-28. doi: 10.1016/s0741-8329(03)00037-5.
Administration of a moderate dose (2 g/kg) of ethanol to the pregnant rat during the last days of gestation (17-20) has been observed to increase the offspring's ethanol consumption on postnatal day 14. This effect was not observed with a 1-g/kg dose (Experiment 1a). When pups were tested during adolescence (day 28) an augmented ethanol intake was observed in female rats exposed to the low dose of ethanol and in male rats exposed to the moderate one (Experiment 1b). The effect of increased ethanol intake in preweanling rats was reduced after naloxone was administered, together with ethanol, to the pregnant dam (Experiment 2). Postnatal reexposure to ethanol, together with a naloxone injection, also decreased ethanol intake in pups exposed prenatally to the drug (Experiment 3). All these results seem to support the hypothesis of a conditioned preference learned in utero as a consequence of the association between the orosensory characteristics of ethanol and its reinforcing properties, apparently mediated by the opioid system.
在妊娠后期（第17 - 20天）给怀孕大鼠施用中等剂量（2克/千克）的乙醇，已观察到其后代在出生后第14天的乙醇消耗量增加。1克/千克剂量未观察到这种效果（实验1a）。当在青春期（第28天）对幼崽进行测试时，观察到暴露于低剂量乙醇的雌性大鼠和暴露于中等剂量乙醇的雄性大鼠的乙醇摄入量增加（实验1b）。在给怀孕母鼠施用纳洛酮的同时施用乙醇后，断奶前大鼠乙醇摄入量增加的效应减弱（实验2）。产后再次暴露于乙醇并注射纳洛酮，也降低了产前暴露于该药物的幼崽的乙醇摄入量（实验3）。所有这些结果似乎都支持这样一种假设，即由于乙醇的口感觉特性与其强化特性之间的关联，显然由阿片类系统介导，在子宫内形成了条件性偏好。
