Rumelt Shimon
Department of Ophthalmology, Western Galilee-Nahariya Medical Center and Hadassah University Hospital, Nahariya, Israel.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 Aug;112(2):396-403. doi: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000070724.28729.1F.
The procedure of choice for epiphora caused by bipunctal and canalicular obstruction is conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy. Despite its high success rate, it may result in multiple complications, such as extrusion, migration, and secondary obstruction. The author describes a simple alternative procedure to conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy for patients with epiphora caused by bipunctal and proximal canaliculus complete occlusion and a systematic approach to treat lacrimal system obstructions. Ten instances of bipunctal and proximal canaliculus absence in five consecutive patients, caused in four patients by ocular surface disorders (topical drug toxicity, herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, and trachoma), were treated by blunt dissection of the presumed lower punctal site under a surgical microscope. The punctal site was determined by several landmarks, the peaked medial lid margin, a dimple at that site, or an area of relative avascularity. The canaliculus was exposed and expanded to create a pocket. After the procedure, the lacrimal drainage system was found patent in nine of the 10 procedures. After one additional procedure, irrigation of the lacrimal drainage system revealed a nasolacrimal duct obstruction that was treated with dacryocystorhinostomy and silicone tube insertion. After these procedures, an objective resolution of the epiphora was noted in all patients. Epiphora resulting from lack of punctal and proximal canaliculus caused by ocular surface diseases may be treated with blind exposure and marsupialization of the proximal canaliculus instead of conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy. If, in addition, the nasolacrimal duct is obstructed, a dacryocystorhinostomy may be performed. If this proposed procedure fails, the patient can still undergo conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy or other procedures. The procedure may be part of a systematic approach to treat lacrimal drainage obstructions that is based on an association between the location and the cause of the obstruction.
因泪点和泪小管阻塞导致溢泪的首选治疗方法是结膜泪囊鼻腔吻合术。尽管其成功率很高,但可能会引发多种并发症,如植入物挤出、移位和继发性阻塞。作者描述了一种针对因泪点和泪小管近端完全阻塞而导致溢泪的患者的结膜泪囊鼻腔吻合术的简单替代手术方法,以及一种治疗泪道系统阻塞的系统方法。连续5例患者出现10次泪点和泪小管近端缺失的情况,其中4例由眼表疾病(局部药物毒性、疱疹性角结膜炎和沙眼)引起,在手术显微镜下对假定的下泪点部位进行钝性分离治疗。泪点部位通过几个标志来确定,即内侧睑缘的尖峰、该部位的酒窝或相对无血管区域。暴露并扩张泪小管以形成一个囊袋。术后,10例手术中有9例泪道引流系统通畅。再进行一次手术后,泪道引流系统冲洗显示鼻泪管阻塞,采用泪囊鼻腔吻合术并插入硅胶管进行治疗。经过这些手术后,所有患者的溢泪症状均得到客观缓解。由眼表疾病导致泪点和泪小管近端缺失引起的溢泪,可用近端泪小管的盲目暴露和袋形缝合术治疗,而非结膜泪囊鼻腔吻合术。此外,如果鼻泪管阻塞,可进行泪囊鼻腔吻合术。如果此提议的手术失败,患者仍可接受结膜泪囊鼻腔吻合术或其他手术。该手术可能是基于阻塞部位与病因之间的关联而制定的治疗泪道引流阻塞的系统方法的一部分。