McGinley-Smith Daniel E, Tsao Sandy S
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Sep;49(3):363-92; quiz 393-6. doi: 10.1067/s0190-9622(03)01868-1.
Ticks are ectoparasites that cause dermatologic disease directly by their bite and indirectly as vectors of bacterial, rickettsial, protozoal, and viral diseases. In North America, where ticks are the leading cause of vector-borne infection, dermatologists should recognize several tick species. Basic tick biology and identification will be reviewed. Tick bites cause a variety of acute and chronic skin lesions. The tick-borne diseases include Lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing fever, tularemia, babesiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, other spotted fevers, ehrlichiosis, Colorado tick fever, and others. The epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases are reviewed with an emphasis on cutaneous manifestations. Finally, the prevention of diseases caused by ticks is reviewed.
蜱是体表寄生虫,通过叮咬直接引起皮肤病,还作为细菌、立克次体、原生动物和病毒疾病的传播媒介间接导致疾病。在蜱是媒介传播感染主要病因的北美地区,皮肤科医生应认识几种蜱类。本文将对蜱的基本生物学特性和鉴别进行综述。蜱叮咬会导致多种急性和慢性皮肤损害。蜱传播的疾病包括莱姆病、蜱传回归热、兔热病、巴贝斯虫病、落基山斑疹热、其他斑疹热、埃立克体病、科罗拉多蜱传热等。本文将对这些疾病的流行病学、临床特征、诊断和治疗进行综述,重点关注皮肤表现。最后,本文将对蜱所致疾病的预防进行综述。