Burg M, Stoner L
Annu Rev Physiol. 1976;38:37-45. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.000345.
The renal diluting segment (thick ascending limb of Henle's loop) reabsorbs sodium chloride in excess of water and is responsible for dilution of the urine as well as reabsorption of a large fraction of the salt present in the glomerular ultrafiltrate. There is active reabsorption of chloride, which causes the voltage to be positive in the tubule lumen. Most, if not all, of the sodium transport is passive, driven by the voltage. Three major diuretics (mersalyl, furosemide, and ethacrynic acid) act in the lumen of the diluting segment to inhibit active chloride transport, not sodium transport as previously believed. This specific action on chloride transport may explain how these drugs are able to inhibit salt transport in the kidney while having so little effect on the transport processes elsewhere in the body.
肾稀释段（亨氏袢升支粗段）重吸收的氯化钠超过水，负责尿液的稀释以及肾小球超滤液中大部分盐分的重吸收。氯离子存在主动重吸收，这使得肾小管管腔内的电压为正。大部分（如果不是全部）钠的转运是被动的，由电压驱动。三种主要的利尿剂（汞撒利、呋塞米和依他尼酸）作用于稀释段管腔，抑制氯离子的主动转运，而不是像之前认为的那样抑制钠的转运。这种对氯离子转运的特异性作用可能解释了这些药物如何能够抑制肾脏中的盐转运，而对身体其他部位的转运过程影响甚微。
