The apoptosis endonuclease and its regulation.

Activation of an endogenous endonuclease has been observed in conjunction with the structural changes of apoptosis in a wide variety of cell types and circumstances. The endonuclease is present constitutively in some cells (e.g. rodent cortical thymocytes) in which apoptosis is readily triggered by many unrelated stimuli, but is inducible in others. Purification of this enzyme is an objective of some importance in apoptosis research, as it might act as a marker of susceptibility to apoptosis and lead to better understanding of the regulation of the process as a whole. Early data suggest that the thymocyte endonuclease is an anionic protein of molecular weight greater than 110 kDa, with a pH optimum of 7.5 and a double-strand cleavage preference. Its activity, and the induction of apoptosis as a whole, is regulated by several familiar cellular proto-oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes, including c-myc, Ha-ras, bcl-2 and p53.