Crampton J M, Comley I, Eggleston P, Hill S, Hughes M, Knapp T, Lycett G, Urwin R, Warren A
Wolfson Unit of Molecular Genetics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, U.K.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1992;87 Suppl 3:43-9. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02761992000700005.
To a large extent, control of malaria vectors relies on the elimination of breeding sites and the application of chemical agents. There are increasing problems associated with the use of synthetic insecticides for vector control, including the evolution of resistance, the high cost of developing and registering new insecticides and an awareness of pollution from insecticide residues. These factors have stimulated interest in the application of molecular biology to the study of mosquito vectors of malaria; focussing primarily on two aspects. First, the improvement of existing control measures through the development of simplified DNA probe systems suitable for identification of vectors of malaria. The development of synthetic, non-radioactive DNA probes suitable for the identification of species in the Anopheles gambiae complex is described with the aim of defining a simplified methodology which is suitable for entomologist in the field. The second aspect to be considered is the development of completely novel strategies through the genetic manipulation of insect vectors of malaria in order to alter their ability to transmit the disease. The major requirements for producing transgenic mosquitoes are outlined together with the progress which has been made to date and discussed in relation to the prospects which this type of approach has for the future control of malaria.
在很大程度上，疟疾媒介的控制依赖于消除滋生地和使用化学药剂。使用合成杀虫剂进行媒介控制存在越来越多的问题，包括抗药性的演变、开发和注册新杀虫剂的高昂成本以及对杀虫剂残留污染的认识。这些因素激发了人们对将分子生物学应用于疟疾蚊媒研究的兴趣；主要集中在两个方面。第一，通过开发适用于鉴定疟疾媒介的简化DNA探针系统来改进现有控制措施。描述了适用于鉴定冈比亚按蚊复合体中物种的合成非放射性DNA探针的开发，目的是确定一种适合野外昆虫学家的简化方法。要考虑的第二个方面是通过对疟疾昆虫媒介进行基因操作来开发全新的策略，以改变它们传播疾病的能力。概述了生产转基因蚊子的主要要求，以及迄今为止所取得的进展，并讨论了这种方法对未来疟疾控制的前景。
