WEIL P G
Can Med Assoc J. 1962 Sep 29;87(13):685-9.
Categories of undesirable effects of drugs are described. Recent experiments on the production of hypersensitization (1) by the use of ECT solution to enhance skin sensitization to penicillin, (2) through the activity of common metabolites of different drugs, and (3) to a non-sensitizing drug by pretreatment with a sensitizing agent are reviewed. The mechanism of hemolytic anemia due to an inherited enzymatic defect and that of drug-induced purpura and the agranulocytic agents is discussed. The three groups of drugs-(1) rarely toxic, e.g. quinine; (2) always toxic in sufficient amounts, e.g. nitrogen mustard; (3) intermediate, e.g. chloramphenicol-are presented, with special consideration of chloramphenicol. It is the responsibility of the pharmacologist to develop and adopt newer methods for toxicity detection, and of the clinician to practise caution in prescribing drugs and to attempt the early recognition of any disorder they may induce. The incidence, diagnosis, prevention, treatment and prognosis of the drug-induced dyscrasias are discussed.
文中描述了药物不良反应的类别。回顾了近期的实验，这些实验包括：（1）使用电休克疗法（ECT）溶液增强皮肤对青霉素的敏感性来产生超敏反应；（2）通过不同药物的共同代谢产物的活性来产生超敏反应；（3）用致敏剂预处理后对非致敏药物产生超敏反应。文中讨论了由于遗传性酶缺陷导致的溶血性贫血的机制，以及药物性紫癜和粒细胞缺乏剂的机制。介绍了三组药物：（1）毒性罕见的药物，如奎宁；（2）足量时总有毒性的药物，如氮芥；（3）中等毒性的药物，如氯霉素，并特别考虑了氯霉素。药理学家有责任开发和采用更新的毒性检测方法，临床医生有责任在开药时谨慎行事，并尝试早期识别药物可能引发的任何病症。文中讨论了药物性血细胞异常的发生率、诊断、预防、治疗和预后。
