Gallarda J L, Henrard D R, Liu D, Harrington S, Stramer S L, Valinsky J E, Wu P
Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.
J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Sep;30(9):2379-84. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.9.2379-2384.1992.
Sequential plasma samples obtained from 16 individuals who seroconverted were tested for the presence of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by an antigen conjugate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a conventional antibody conjugate assay. In 11 of these individuals, the antigen conjugate assay detected antibody to HIV-1 2 to 11 days (mean, 5.5 days) earlier than the antibody conjugate assay. In 11 individuals, HIV-1 p24 antigen was detected a median of 6.5 days (range, 3 to 14 days) prior to positivity by the antigen conjugate EIA. Using class-specific probes, we determined the profiles of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies for each individual and correlated these profiles with the EIA signals from both assays. In general, the appearance of IgM exhibited a peak at about 1 week postseroconversion, which was followed by gradually declining levels. Absorbance levels for IgG antibody, however, rose steadily and reached a plateau after 3 to 5 weeks. The levels of IgA were generally low and variable. In contrast to the progressive increase in EIA absorbance observed by the antibody conjugate assay, the antigen conjugate assay displayed a rapid early rise in absorbance which generally coincided with the transient expression of IgM antibody. The subsequent gradual increase coincided with rising levels of IgG. Because the configuration of the antigen conjugate EIA allows for an increased sensitivity for IgM compared with that for other classes of immunoglobulins, these results suggest that earlier detection of antibody to HIV-1 is due to the detection of IgM antibody during the early phase of seroconversion.
对16名血清转化者采集的系列血浆样本，通过抗原结合酶免疫测定法（EIA）和传统抗体结合测定法检测1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）抗体的存在情况。在这些个体中，有11名个体的抗原结合测定法检测到HIV-1抗体的时间比抗体结合测定法早2至11天（平均5.5天）。在11名个体中，HIV-1 p24抗原在抗原结合EIA检测呈阳性之前的中位时间为6.5天（范围3至14天）。我们使用类别特异性探针确定了每个个体的免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、IgG和IgA抗体谱，并将这些谱与两种测定法的EIA信号相关联。一般来说，IgM的出现血清转化后约1周达到峰值，随后水平逐渐下降。然而，IgG抗体的吸光度水平稳步上升，在3至5周后达到平台期。IgA水平通常较低且变化不定。与抗体结合测定法观察到的EIA吸光度逐渐增加相反，抗原结合测定法显示吸光度在早期迅速上升，这通常与IgM抗体的短暂表达一致。随后的逐渐增加与IgG水平的上升一致。由于抗原结合EIA的结构与其他类别的免疫球蛋白相比对IgM具有更高的敏感性，这些结果表明HIV-1抗体的早期检测是由于在血清转化早期检测到IgM抗体。
