KAUNITZ H, MALINS D C, McKAY D G
J Exp Med. 1962 Jun 1;115(6):1127-36. doi: 10.1084/jem.115.6.1127.
By molecular distillation of oxidized cod liver oil a partial isolation of the lipid species responsible for the diet-induced generalized Shwartzman reaction in pregnant rats has been achieved. Molecular distillation produced three fractions and a residue. Qualitative and quantitative differences in each fraction were shown by determining iodine and saponification numbers and by thin layer chromatography on silicic acid. The incidence of the Shwartzman reaction was higher with fraction III than with either of the other two fractions, the residue, or the original oxidized cod liver oil. It is evident that the toxic factor or factors can be concentrated by molecular distillation. The high temperatures used in the molecular distillation destroy peroxides in the lipids. Therefore, in spite of the fact that oxidation of dietary fats is necessary to produce the reaction, peroxides in the dietary lipid are not necessary for the development of the tissue reaction. The residue fraction contains high molecular weight polymers and the incidence of the Shwartzman reaction is low in animals fed this material. It is unlikely that high molecular weight polymers are responsible for the tissue reaction. Animals that do not gain weight at a rate close to that of the normal pregnant rat do not develop the reaction. Conversion of fraction III into its ethyl esters increased the incidence of the Shwartzman reaction in two experiments. Esterification appears to "unmask" a certain amount of the active factor. The specific lipid material or materials responsible for the development of the generalized Shwartzman reaction remains to be found.
通过对氧化鳕鱼肝油进行分子蒸馏，已实现对导致孕鼠饮食诱导性全身性施瓦茨曼反应的脂质种类进行部分分离。分子蒸馏产生了三个馏分和一个残渣。通过测定碘值和皂化值以及在硅酸上进行薄层色谱分析，显示了每个馏分在定性和定量上的差异。馏分III引发施瓦茨曼反应的发生率高于其他两个馏分、残渣或原始氧化鳕鱼肝油。显然，毒性因子可以通过分子蒸馏进行浓缩。分子蒸馏中使用的高温会破坏脂质中的过氧化物。因此，尽管饮食脂肪的氧化对于产生该反应是必要的，但饮食脂质中的过氧化物对于组织反应的发生并非必需。残渣馏分含有高分子量聚合物，给动物喂食这种物质时施瓦茨曼反应的发生率较低。高分子量聚合物不太可能是组织反应的原因。体重增加速度不像正常孕鼠那样快的动物不会发生该反应。在两个实验中，将馏分III转化为其乙酯后，施瓦茨曼反应的发生率增加。酯化似乎“暴露”了一定量的活性因子。导致全身性施瓦茨曼反应发生的特定脂质物质仍有待发现。
