Hoof capsule distortion: understanding the mechanisms as a basis for rational management.

Understanding the basic mechanisms of hoof capsule distortion enables the clinician to unravel the sometimes complex mix of abnormalities, identify early warning signs, and manage existing problems more effectively. Distortion of the hoof capsule can often seem like a complicated puzzle by the time the veterinarian is called to examine the lame horse. Evaluating each of the components of the hoof capsule, both individually and as an integrated unit, allows the clinician to tease apart the tangle of primary and secondary problems and come up with effective options for countering or attenuating the forces responsible for the distortion. Using high-quality radiography and developing an eye for detail regarding the physical and radiographic characteristics of the foot allow the clinician to identify subtle abnormalities, thereby averting a clinical problem or addressing the problem while it is still reversible. With existing problems, developing these skills enhances the clinician's ability to interpret the degree of damage accurately and to devise mechanical solutions that create an environment in which healing and restoration of function are maximized.