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钾代谢

Potassium metabolism.

作者信息

Stockigt J R

出版信息

Anaesth Intensive Care. 1977 Nov;5(4):317-25. doi: 10.1177/0310057X7700500406.

Abstract

In man, mechanisms for potassium excretion are complex and highly developed, while potassium conservation is potentially inadequate. Potassium balance is regulated by alterations in excretion in the distal renal tubule, where mineralocorticoid hormones and Na-K ATPase are the major regulating factors. The distribution of potassium across cell membranes is influenced by changes in acid-base status, by pancreatic hormones and by the autonomic nervous system. Potassium stimulates insulin and aldosterone secretion and increases Na-K ATPase in the distal nephron, so promoting its own redistribution or excretion. Emergency management of hyperkalaemia is best effected by promoting cell-entry of potassium, rather than renal excretion. The speed of replacement of deficits is always limited by the small extracellular potassium pool.

摘要

在人类中,钾排泄机制复杂且高度发达,而钾的保存能力则可能不足。钾平衡通过远端肾小管排泄的改变来调节,在远端肾小管中,盐皮质激素和钠钾ATP酶是主要调节因子。钾在细胞膜间的分布受酸碱状态变化、胰腺激素和自主神经系统的影响。钾刺激胰岛素和醛固酮分泌,并增加远端肾单位中的钠钾ATP酶,从而促进自身的重新分布或排泄。高钾血症的紧急处理最好通过促进钾进入细胞来实现,而不是通过肾脏排泄。缺钾补充的速度总是受到细胞外钾小池的限制。

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