Murakami Makoto, Kudo Ichiro
Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
Prog Lipid Res. 2004 Jan;43(1):3-35. doi: 10.1016/s0163-7827(03)00037-7.
Prostanoids represent a group of lipid mediators that are produced from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway. Once formed, the prostanoids are released from the cells and act on their cognate receptors on cell surfaces to exert their biological actions. Of these, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is the most common prostanoid, being produced by a wide variety of cells and tissues and has a broad range of bioactivity. Recent advance in this field has led to identification and characterization of a number of enzymes that play roles in the biosynthesis of PGE(2), namely phospholipase A(2), cyclooxygenase and terminal PGE synthase. Each of these three reactions can be rate-limiting and involves multiple enzymes/isozymes that can act in different phases of cell activation and exhibit distinct functional coupling. In this review, we will overview a recent understanding of the molecular biology, regulatory mechanisms, and physiological functions of these enzymes.
前列腺素是一类脂质介质，它们通过环氧化酶途径由花生四烯酸产生。一旦形成，前列腺素就会从细胞中释放出来，并作用于细胞表面的同源受体以发挥其生物学作用。其中，前列腺素E(2)（PGE(2)）是最常见的前列腺素，由多种细胞和组织产生，具有广泛的生物活性。该领域的最新进展已导致鉴定和表征了许多在PGE(2)生物合成中起作用的酶，即磷脂酶A(2)、环氧化酶和末端PGE合酶。这三个反应中的每一个都可能是限速反应，并且涉及多种酶/同工酶，它们可以在细胞活化的不同阶段起作用，并表现出不同的功能偶联。在这篇综述中，我们将概述对这些酶的分子生物学、调节机制和生理功能的最新认识。
