Rappert Brian
Department of Sociology, School of Historical, Political and Sociological Studies, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2003 Oct;9(4):453-70. doi: 10.1007/s11948-003-0044-7.
Since 11 September 2001 and the anthrax attacks that followed in the US, public and policy concerns about the security threats posed by biological weapons have increased significantly. With this has come an expansion of those activities in civil society deemed as potential sites for applying security controls. This paper examines the assumptions and implications of national and international efforts in one such area: how a balance or integration can take place between security and openness in civilian biomedical research through devising professional codes of conduct for scientists. Future attempts to establish such codes must find a way of reconciling or at least addressing dilemmatic and tension-ridden issues about the appropriateness of research; a topic that raises fundamental questions about the position of science within society.
自2001年9月11日美国发生炭疽袭击事件以来,公众和政策层面对于生物武器所构成的安全威胁的担忧显著增加。随之而来的是,民间社会中那些被视为可能需要实施安全管控的活动范围有所扩大。本文探讨了国家和国际层面在其中一个领域所做努力的假设及影响:即如何通过为科学家制定专业行为准则,在民用生物医学研究的安全与开放之间实现平衡或融合。未来建立此类准则的尝试必须找到一种方法,来协调或至少解决有关研究适当性的两难和充满矛盾的问题;这一话题引发了关于科学在社会中地位的根本性问题。