步行速度和鞋类对老年人足底压力的影响。

The influence of walking speed and footwear on plantar pressures in older adults.

作者信息

Burnfield Judith M, Few Courtney D, Mohamed Olfat S, Perry Jacquelin

机构信息

Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, 7601 East Imperial Highway, Downey, CA, USA.

出版信息

Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2004 Jan;19(1):78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.09.007.

DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.09.007

PMID:14659934

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To identify the influence of walking velocity and footwear condition on plantar pressure variables in healthy older adults.

DESIGN

Single session data collection during varying speed and footwear conditions.

BACKGROUND

Elevated plantar pressures are concerning due to the risk of tissue injury, ulceration, and pain. In young adults, increases in plantar pressure have been documented with faster walking speeds and when walking barefoot compared to wearing shoes. These relationships have not been systematically explored in older adults.

METHODS

Key plantar pressure factors were recorded as subjects walked barefoot and in comfortable walking shoes across a 10 m walkway at three predetermined velocities (57, 80, 97 m/min). Separate 3x2 analyses of variance with repeated measures identified significant differences in pressure, force, and contact area in eight anatomically defined foot regions across walking speeds and between footwear conditions.

RESULTS

Faster walking resulted in higher pressures under all foot regions except for the arch and lateral metatarsal (P</=0.001), due primarily to greater forces under the heel, medial metatarsal and toes (P</=0.001). Compared to wearing shoes, barefoot heel pressure was elevated (P</=0.001) due to reduced heel contact area (P<0.001); pressure under the central metatarsals was higher (P</=0.001) owing to greater central metatarsals force (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Two conditions were associated with higher plantar pressures in the older adults studied: faster speeds and barefoot walking.

摘要

目的

确定步行速度和鞋类状况对健康老年人足底压力变量的影响。

设计

在不同速度和鞋类状况下进行单时段数据收集。

背景

由于存在组织损伤、溃疡和疼痛风险，足底压力升高令人担忧。在年轻人中，与穿鞋相比，步行速度加快和赤脚行走时足底压力会增加。这些关系在老年人中尚未得到系统研究。

方法

记录关键足底压力因素，受试者分别赤脚和穿着舒适步行鞋以三种预定速度（57、80、97米/分钟）走过10米长的通道。采用重复测量的3×2方差分析，确定八个解剖学定义足部区域在不同步行速度和鞋类状况下压力、力和接触面积的显著差异。

结果

除足弓和外侧跖骨外，步行速度加快导致所有足部区域压力升高（P≤0.001），主要是由于足跟、内侧跖骨和脚趾下方的力更大（P≤0.001）。与穿鞋相比，赤脚时足跟压力升高（P≤0.001），原因是足跟接触面积减小（P<0.001）；中央跖骨下方压力更高（P≤0.001），这是由于中央跖骨力更大（P<0.001）。