Fischer K, Bot A N M, Zwaan B J, Brakefield P M
Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9516, Leiden NL-2300 RA, The Netherlands.
Heredity (Edinb). 2004 Mar;92(3):163-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800382.
By dividing families of the tropical butterfly, Bicyclus anynana, among different larval (including early pupal) and adult (including late pupal) temperatures, we investigate the genetic and environmental effects on egg size. Both sources of variation affected egg size to similar extents. As previously found in other arthropods, egg size tended to increase at lower temperatures. Our data suggest that the plastic response in egg size can be induced during the pupal stage. Females reared as larvae at the same high temperature tended to lay larger eggs when transferred to a lower temperature, either as prepupae or pupae, compared to those remaining at the high temperature. Additionally, females reared as larvae at different temperatures, but maintained at the same temperature from the early pupal stage onwards, laid larger eggs after larval growth at a low temperature. Heritability estimates for egg size were about 0.4 (parent-offspring regression) and 0.2 (variance component estimates using the full-sib families). Although there seemed to be some variation in the plastic response to temperature among families, genotype-environment interactions were nonsignificant.
通过将热带蝴蝶——小弄蝶（Bicyclus anynana）的家族分别置于不同的幼虫期（包括早期蛹期）和成虫期（包括晚期蛹期）温度条件下，我们研究了遗传和环境对卵大小的影响。这两种变异来源对卵大小的影响程度相似。正如之前在其他节肢动物中所发现的那样，卵大小在较低温度下往往会增加。我们的数据表明，卵大小的可塑性反应可在蛹期诱导产生。与那些一直处于高温环境的雌性相比，在相同高温环境下作为幼虫饲养的雌性，在转移到较低温度环境（无论是预蛹期还是蛹期）时，往往会产下更大的卵。此外，在不同温度下作为幼虫饲养，但从早期蛹期开始一直保持在相同温度的雌性，在低温环境下经历幼虫生长后会产下更大的卵。卵大小的遗传力估计值约为0.4（亲子回归法）和0.2（使用全同胞家族的方差成分估计法）。尽管不同家族对温度的可塑性反应似乎存在一些差异，但基因型-环境相互作用并不显著。
