Sapin Samuel O
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2004 Jan-Feb;43(1):17-23. doi: 10.1177/000992280404300103.
This paper presents a practice-oriented approach to the problem of syncope in pediatrics. Autonomic syncope is the major etiologic category in pediatrics and consists of 2 types: reflex and dysautonomic. The latter type is rare in pediatrics. Reflex syncope has 4 subtypes: neurocardiogenic, central, situational, and cerebral. Neurocardiogenic syncope, the most common subtype, is easily diagnosed by taking a careful, detailed history; identifying diagnostic red flags; performing a complete physical examination; and ordering a minimum of laboratory tests. Patient and parent education is essential, and usually, without medication, outcomes are good.
本文提出了一种针对儿科晕厥问题的以实践为导向的方法。自主神经性晕厥是儿科主要的病因类别，包括两种类型：反射性和自主神经功能异常性。后一种类型在儿科中较为罕见。反射性晕厥有4个亚型：神经心源性、中枢性、情境性和脑性。神经心源性晕厥是最常见的亚型，通过仔细、详细地询问病史、识别诊断警示信号、进行全面的体格检查以及最少的实验室检查即可轻松诊断。对患者和家长的教育至关重要，通常情况下，无需药物治疗，预后良好。
