Adams Kristina M, Nelson J Lee
Program in Human Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
JAMA. 2004 Mar 3;291(9):1127-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.9.1127.
Recent studies indicate cells transfer between fetus and mother during pregnancy and can persist in both decades later. The presence within one individual of a small population of cells from another genetically distinct individual is referred to as microchimerism. Naturally acquired microchimerism has recently been investigated in autoimmune diseases, including scleroderma, thyroiditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, Sjögren syndrome, systemic lupus, dermatomyositis, and neonatal lupus. Iatrogenic chimerism has been investigated in transplantation and following blood transfusion. Considering findings of naturally acquired microchimerism along with iatrogenic microchimerism suggests microchimerism can have detrimental and/or beneficial effects in both settings. Recent identification of tissue-specific microchimerism either from naturally acquired or iatrogenic microchimerism (eg, cardiac myocytes) raises the possibility that microchimerism can be a target of autoimmunity or alternatively contribute to tissue repair. Advances in this new frontier of research with varied and numerous implications for human health are summarized.
最近的研究表明，在怀孕期间，胎儿与母亲之间会发生细胞转移，并且这些细胞在几十年后仍可在双方体内持续存在。在一个个体中存在少量来自另一个基因不同个体的细胞，这被称为微嵌合体。最近，人们对自身免疫性疾病中的自然获得性微嵌合体进行了研究，这些疾病包括硬皮病、甲状腺炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、干燥综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、皮肌炎和新生儿狼疮。医源性嵌合体已在移植和输血后进行了研究。综合自然获得性微嵌合体和医源性微嵌合体的研究结果表明，微嵌合体在这两种情况下都可能产生有害和/或有益的影响。最近对自然获得性或医源性微嵌合体（如心肌细胞）中组织特异性微嵌合体的鉴定，增加了微嵌合体可能成为自身免疫靶点或有助于组织修复的可能性。本文总结了这一研究新领域的进展，这些进展对人类健康具有广泛而众多的影响。
