Hunt Sheri A, Bartizek Robert D
The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Rd., Mason, Ohio 45040-9462, USA.
Am J Dent. 2004 Jan;17 Spec No:13A-17A.
To evaluate the stain removal efficacy of two different toothbrush designs using a laboratory stained pellicle test with seven different dentifrices.
The toothbrushes were a prototype powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush Pro Whitening) and an ADA reference manual toothbrush, as a control. The dentifrices used in the study were: Crest Dual Action Whitening (Cool Mint), Crest Extra Whitening with Tartar Control (Clean Mint), Crest MultiCare Whitening (Fresh Mint), Colgate Total, Colgate Total Plus Whitening, Arm & Hammer Advance White with Tartar Control and Rembrandt Plus with Active Dental Peroxide. This was a randomized, parallel group study that examined stain removal with a novel toothbrushing configuration adapted for powered and manual toothbrushes. Stain was scored before and after brushing for two consecutive, 1-minute periods using digital image analysis. The mean change in L* was statistically compared between toothbrushes with ANCOVA. Labial enamel specimens were obtained from bovine permanent incisors and these specimens were subjected to a laboratory staining process until the L* values for the samples were in the range of 35-45. Digital images for CIE Lab* analysis were captured using a high-resolution digital camera under standard polarized lighting conditions. Based on the L* values, the enamel specimens were divided into 14 groups of nine specimens each.
Baseline L* values ranged from 40.62 to 41.38 for the 14 toothbrush/dentifrice combinations. The change in L* (post-brushing minus baseline), denoted as deltaL*, was calculated for each specimen and the resulting data were subjected to a two-way ANCOVA. Toothbrush type and dentifrice type were the two terms in the model, and baseline L* was the covariate. Pairwise tests were performed on the adjusted means in order to compare the stain removal efficacy of the two toothbrushes for each of the seven dentifrices evaluated. The powered toothbrush resulted in statistically significantly greater deltaL* values (all P < or = 0.006) than the manual toothbrush for every dentifrice tested. The deltaL* values for dentifrices used with the powered toothbrush were from 66.0-164.2% higher than for the same dentifrice used with the manual toothbrush.
通过使用七种不同牙膏的实验室染色牙菌斑测试，评估两种不同牙刷设计的去污效果。
牙刷分别为一款原型电动牙刷（佳洁士旋转亮白专业型）和一款美国牙科协会（ADA）参考手动牙刷作为对照。研究中使用的牙膏有：佳洁士双效亮白（冰薄荷味）、佳洁士防垢亮白（清新薄荷味）、佳洁士多效护理亮白（清新薄荷味）、高露洁全效、高露洁全效加亮白、雅氏防垢亮白和伦勃朗加活性牙科过氧化物。这是一项随机平行组研究，采用了一种适用于电动和手动牙刷的新型刷牙配置来检查去污情况。在连续两个1分钟的刷牙时段前后，使用数字图像分析对污渍进行评分。使用协方差分析（ANCOVA）对牙刷之间的L平均变化进行统计学比较。从牛的恒切牙获取唇面釉质标本，对这些标本进行实验室染色处理，直到样本的L值在35 - 45范围内。在标准偏振光条件下，使用高分辨率数码相机拍摄用于CIE Lab分析的数字图像。根据L值，将釉质标本分为14组，每组9个标本。
14种牙刷/牙膏组合的基线L值在40.62至41.38之间。计算每个标本的L变化（刷牙后减去基线），记为ΔL*，并对所得数据进行双向协方差分析。牙刷类型和牙膏类型是模型中的两个因素，基线L是协变量。对调整后的均值进行两两检验，以比较两种牙刷对所评估的七种牙膏中每种牙膏的去污效果。对于所测试的每种牙膏，电动牙刷产生的ΔL值在统计学上显著高于手动牙刷（所有P≤0.006）。与手动牙刷使用相同牙膏时相比，电动牙刷使用的牙膏的ΔL*值高出66.0 - 164.2%。
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