Li Y F, Macdonald R W, Ma J M, Hung H, Venkatesh S
Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4.
Sci Total Environ. 2004 May 25;324(1-3):115-39. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.10.022.
An Arctic Mass Balance Box Model (AMBBM) has been developed to calculate a sequential historical alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) budget in the Arctic Ocean from its introduction in the 1940s up to the present. The AMBBM is created in the context of the Arctic as a receptor, and has three major components: the air concentration module, the loading from Arctic river module and the transport/transformation module. The results of the model provide a more complete depiction of the behavior of alpha-HCH within the Arctic Ocean. Model output includes annual concentrations in Arctic air and water, annual alpha-HCH loading to, removal from the Arctic Ocean and annual cumulative burden of alpha-HCH in the Arctic waters from 1945 to 2000. Our model results compare well with published data in the 1980s and 1990s and show that the alpha-HCH burden in the Arctic Ocean started to accumulate in the early 1940s and reached the highest value of 6670 t in 1982, 1 year before China banned the use of technical HCH. Since then the burden of alpha-HCH in Arctic waters has decreased quickly by an average annual rate of approximately 270 ty(-1) during the 1990s, decreasing from 4220 t in 1990 to 1550 t in 2000. The complete elimination of alpha-HCH from Arctic waters would require another two decades. The total loading between 1945 and 2000 was 27700 t accounting for approximately 0.6% of total global alpha-HCH emission from agricultural land to the atmosphere. Differences in loadings of alpha-HCH to the North American Arctic Ocean and Eurasian Arctic Ocean are also discussed.
已开发出一种北极质量平衡箱模型（AMBBM），用于计算北冰洋从20世纪40年代引入直至现在的连续历史α-六氯环己烷（α-HCH）收支情况。AMBBM是在将北极作为一个受体的背景下创建的，它有三个主要组成部分：空气浓度模块、来自北极河流的负荷模块以及运输/转化模块。该模型的结果更完整地描述了α-HCH在北冰洋中的行为。模型输出包括1945年至2000年期间北极空气和水中的年度浓度、α-HCH进入北冰洋的年度负荷、从北冰洋的去除量以及北冰洋水域中α-HCH的年度累积负担。我们的模型结果与20世纪80年代和90年代公布的数据比较吻合，结果表明北冰洋中α-HCH的负担在20世纪40年代初开始积累，并在1982年达到最高值6670吨，即中国禁止使用工业六六六的前一年。从那时起，20世纪90年代北冰洋水域中α-HCH的负担以每年约270吨/年的平均速率迅速下降，从1990年的4220吨降至2000年的1550吨。要使α-HCH从北冰洋水域完全消除还需要二十年时间。1945年至2000年期间的总负荷为27700吨，约占全球农业用地向大气排放的α-HCH总量的0.6%。还讨论了α-HCH进入北美北冰洋和欧亚北冰洋的负荷差异。
