设施栽培作物中的植绥螨：湿度和食物可利用性对腐食酪螨、胡瓜新小绥螨、加州新小绥螨和智利小植绥螨（蜱螨亚纲：植绥螨科）卵孵化及成虫寿命的影响。

Phytoseiid mites in protected crops: the effect of humidity and food availability on egg hatch and adult life span of Iphiseius degenerans, Neoseiulus cucumeris, N. californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae).

作者信息

De Courcy Williams Michael E, Kravar-Garde Lidija, Fenlon John S, Sunderland Keith D

机构信息

Biocontrol and IPM Research Team, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwickshire, CV35 9EF, UK.

出版信息

Exp Appl Acarol. 2004;32(1-2):1-13. doi: 10.1023/b:appa.0000018170.46836.11.

DOI:10.1023/b:appa.0000018170.46836.11

PMID:15139268

Abstract

The effect of relative humidity on egg hatch success for Iphiseius degenerans, Neoseiulus californicus and N. cucumeris was described by a binomial model with a parallel slope. The shape of the response differed for Phytoseiulus persimilis and a model with separate parameters gave a significantly better fit. Fitted response curves showed that I. degenerans, N. cucumeris, N. californicus and P. persimilis were ranked by decreasing tolerance to low humidity, with egg mortalities of < 0.5, 3, 12 and 16% respectively at 75-80% RH at 20 degrees C. Egg stage duration for I. degenerans and N. cucumeris was unaffected over the range 60-82% RH. For N. californicus and P. persimilis egg duration was significantly longer at 60 and 70% than for either 82 or 90% RH. No effect of relative humidity was found on the mean life span of adult females when food was available continuously to the mites. N. californicus lived significantly longer (58 days after the first egg was laid) than the other species. No significant difference was observed in mean life span between adult females of I. degenerans and N. cucumeris (25 and 28 days respectively). The mean life span of adult female P. persimilis (19 days) was significantly shorter than the other species. In the absence of both food and water, the survival of adult female mites was reduced to 2-4 days. Survival time was at least doubled when free water was available in the absence of food. Mean survival of adult female mites with water but without food was 10 days for N. cucumeris, 18 days for N. californicus, 6 days for P. persimilis and 4 days for I. degenerans. Survival of adult female N. cucumeris and N. californicus was increased significantly, to 20 and 22 days respectively, when fungal hyphae were present along with water but in the absence of other food.

摘要

用具有平行斜率的二项式模型描述了相对湿度对嗜菌异小杆线虫、加州新小绥螨和黄瓜新小绥螨卵孵化成功率的影响。智利小植绥螨的响应形状有所不同，采用具有单独参数的模型拟合效果明显更好。拟合的响应曲线表明，嗜菌异小杆线虫、黄瓜新小绥螨、加州新小绥螨和智利小植绥螨对低湿度的耐受性依次降低，在20℃、相对湿度75 - 80%时，卵死亡率分别为< 0.5%、3%、12%和16%。嗜菌异小杆线虫和黄瓜新小绥螨的卵期持续时间在相对湿度60 - 82%范围内不受影响。对于加州新小绥螨和智利小植绥螨，相对湿度为60%和70%时的卵期明显长于82%或90%时。当螨虫可连续获取食物时，未发现相对湿度对成年雌螨平均寿命有影响。加州新小绥螨的寿命明显更长（产下第一枚卵后58天），高于其他物种。嗜菌异小杆线虫和黄瓜新小绥螨成年雌螨的平均寿命之间未观察到显著差异（分别为25天和28天）。智利小植绥螨成年雌螨的平均寿命（19天）明显短于其他物种。在既无食物又无水的情况下，成年雌螨的存活时间缩短至2 - 4天。在无食物但有自由水的情况下，存活时间至少翻倍。黄瓜新小绥螨、加州新小绥螨、智利小植绥螨和嗜菌异小杆线虫成年雌螨在有水但无食物时的平均存活时间分别为10天、18天、6天和4天。当有水且有真菌菌丝但无其他食物时 , 黄瓜新小绥螨和加州新小绥螨成年雌螨的存活时间显著增加，分别增至20天和22天。