Tang Shuo-Sheng, Hussein Esam M A
Laboratory for Threat Material Detection, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2004 Jul;61(1):3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.02.010.
Density is one of the indicators that can be utilized to distinguish an explosive material from an innocuous anomaly. Compton scattering of photons can be used to provide such density indication. Although X-rays have been employed for this purpose, isotopic gamma-rays offer some advantage for use in a portable device, because of their small size and self-powered nature. Radioisotopes were considered in the 1970's by the US Army. This work re-examines the utility of these sources for the detection of shallowly buried anti-personnel landmines. Monte Carlo studies indicated that the most effective configuration for identifying and locating a buried landmine should employ a collimated (241)Am source, along with a set of well-collimated detectors. Experimental measurements verified the feasibility of the proposed method and demonstrated the detectablility of mockups of landmines as small as 45 mm in diameter buried near the soil surface, or mockups larger than 80 mm in diameter buried at a depth of 80 mm, in light soil. In heavy soil, targets 80 mm in diameter were detectable at a depth of 30 mm. The use of the low-energy (60 keV) (241)Am source makes it possible to design a light-weight hand-held device that can augment other methods of detecting plastic landmines.
密度是可用于区分爆炸物与无害异常物的指标之一。光子的康普顿散射可用于提供此类密度指示。尽管X射线已用于此目的，但同位素伽马射线因其体积小和自带能源的特性，在便携式设备中使用具有一些优势。美国陆军在20世纪70年代就考虑过放射性同位素。这项工作重新审视了这些源在探测浅埋杀伤人员地雷方面的效用。蒙特卡罗研究表明，识别和定位埋藏地雷的最有效配置应采用准直的（241）镅源以及一组准直良好的探测器。实验测量验证了所提方法的可行性，并证明了在轻质土壤中，直径小至45毫米埋在土壤表层附近的地雷模型或直径大于80毫米埋在80毫米深处的地雷模型是可探测的。在重质土壤中，直径80毫米的目标在30毫米深处是可探测的。使用低能量（60千电子伏）的（241）镅源使得设计一种可增强其他探测塑料地雷方法的轻型手持设备成为可能。
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