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当地河口蟹种群中受环境控制的、密度依赖性的二次扩散。

Environmentally-controlled, density-dependent secondary dispersal in a local estuarine crab population.

作者信息

Reyns Nathalie B, Eggleston David B

机构信息

Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.

出版信息

Oecologia. 2004 Jul;140(2):280-8. doi: 10.1007/s00442-004-1581-8. Epub 2004 May 14.

Abstract

The mechanisms driving the pelagic secondary dispersal of aquatic organisms following initial settlement to benthic habitats are poorly characterized. We examined the physical environmental (wind, diel cycle, tidal phase) and biological (ontogenetic, density-dependent) factors that contribute to the secondary dispersal of a benthic marine invertebrate, the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in Pamlico Sound, NC, USA. Field studies conducted in relatively large (0.05 km2) seagrass beds determined that secondary dispersal is primarily undertaken by the earliest juvenile blue crab instar stages (J1 crabs). These crabs emigrated pelagically from seagrass settlement habitats using nighttime flood tides during average wind conditions (speed approximately 5 m s-1). Moreover, the secondary dispersal of J1 crabs was density-dependent and regulated by intra-cohort (J1) crab density in seagrass. Our results suggest that dispersal occurs rapidly following settlement, and promotes blue crab metapopulation persistence by redistributing juveniles from high-density settlement habitats to areas characterized by low postlarval supply. Collectively, these data indicate that blue crab secondary dispersal is an active process under behavioral control and can alter initial distribution patterns established during settlement. This study highlights the necessity of considering secondary dispersal in ecological studies to improve our understanding of population dynamics of benthic organisms.

摘要

水生生物在初次定居到底栖生境后进行远洋二次扩散的驱动机制尚未得到充分描述。我们研究了影响美国北卡罗来纳州帕姆利科湾一种底栖海洋无脊椎动物——蓝蟹(Callinectes sapidus)二次扩散的物理环境因素(风、昼夜循环、潮汐相位)和生物因素(个体发育、密度依赖)。在相对较大(0.05平方千米)的海草床中进行的实地研究确定,二次扩散主要由最早的幼体蓝蟹阶段(J1蟹)进行。这些螃蟹在平均风力条件下(风速约5米/秒)利用夜间涨潮从海草定居栖息地进行远洋迁移。此外,J1蟹的二次扩散是密度依赖的,并受海草中同种群(J1)蟹密度的调节。我们的结果表明,扩散在定居后迅速发生,并通过将幼体从高密度定居栖息地重新分配到幼体供应低的区域来促进蓝蟹集合种群的持续存在。总体而言,这些数据表明蓝蟹二次扩散是一个受行为控制的主动过程,并且可以改变定居期间建立的初始分布模式。这项研究强调了在生态研究中考虑二次扩散的必要性,以增进我们对底栖生物种群动态的理解。

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