Schleicher M, Noegel A A
Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
New Biol. 1992 May;4(5):461-72.
Movement and chemotaxis are fundamental processes of cells and tissues and are based on the dynamics of the cytoskeleton. The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is an excellent model system with which to study the molecular components and the key reactions that are required for a coordinated locomotion of single cells or a cell mass during development. The D. discoideum cytoskeleton relies mainly on the equilibrium between monomeric and filamentous actin and, like other nonmuscle cells, contains a large number of actin-binding proteins that either decrease or increase the rigidity of the microfilament system. The proteins themselves are regulated by phosphorylation, Ca2+, phospholipids, and/or pH and thus are targets for the intracellular changes that occur upon stimulation of a cell with chemoattractant. In a synopsis of the data published during the past years, the properties of numerous cytoskeletal components and the biochemical reactions of the signal transduction chain are combined here in a schematic model that attempts to explain how the directed movement of a cell could be coordinated at the molecular level.
运动和趋化性是细胞和组织的基本过程，基于细胞骨架的动力学。细胞黏菌盘基网柄菌是研究单细胞或细胞团在发育过程中协调运动所需分子成分和关键反应的优秀模型系统。盘基网柄菌的细胞骨架主要依赖于单体肌动蛋白和丝状肌动蛋白之间的平衡，并且与其他非肌肉细胞一样，含有大量肌动蛋白结合蛋白，这些蛋白会降低或增加微丝系统的刚性。这些蛋白质本身受磷酸化、Ca2+、磷脂和/或pH的调节，因此是细胞受到趋化因子刺激后发生的细胞内变化的靶点。在对过去几年发表的数据进行综述时，众多细胞骨架成分的特性和信号转导链的生化反应在此被整合到一个示意图模型中，该模型试图解释细胞的定向运动如何在分子水平上得到协调。
